Polynomial Factorization

Use x as variable. Supports ^ for powers, e.g., x^3.

Factorization Calculator 2025: Complete Algebra Guide

Factoring polynomials is a fundamental algebra skill used to solve equations, simplify expressions, and understand graphs. Our Factorization Calculator instantly factors any polynomial using GCF, quadratic methods, special patterns, grouping, and more — with full step-by-step explanations.

What is Factorization?

Factoring is writing a polynomial as a product of simpler polynomials. Example:

x² + 5x + 6 = (x + 2)(x + 3)

Step 1: Greatest Common Factor (GCF)

Always factor out the GCF first.

Example: 6x² + 9x = 3x(2x + 3)

Step 2: Special Factoring Patterns

PatternFormulaExample
Difference of Squaresa² − b² = (a − b)(a + b)x² − 16 = (x − 4)(x + 4)
Sum of Cubesa³ + b³ = (a + b)(a² − ab + b²)x³ + 8 = (x + 2)(x² − 2x + 4)
Difference of Cubesa³ − b³ = (a − b)(a² + ab + b²)x³ − 27 = (x − 3)(x² + 3x + 9)

Step 3: Quadratic Trinomials (a=1)

Find two numbers that multiply to c and add to b.

Example: x² + 7x + 12
→ Numbers: 3 and 4
(x + 3)(x + 4)

Step 4: Quadratic Trinomials (a ≠ 1)

Use AC method or trial and error.

Example: 2x² + 7x + 3
→ AC = 6 → factors: 1×6, 2×3
→ Rewrite: 2x² + 6x + x + 3
→ Group: 2x(x + 3) + 1(x + 3)
(2x + 1)(x + 3)

Step 5: Factor by Grouping

For 4+ terms, group in pairs.

Example: x³ + 2x² + 3x + 6
x²(x + 2) + 3(x + 2)
(x² + 3)(x + 2)

Complete Factoring Strategy

  1. Factor out GCF
  2. Check for special patterns
  3. Try trinomial factoring
  4. Use grouping if needed
  5. Verify by expanding

Common Mistakes

  • Forgetting GCF
  • Wrong signs in difference of squares
  • Mixing up sum/difference of cubes
  • Not checking if factors can be factored further

Advanced Tools

Real-World Applications

Factoring is used in:

  • Solving quadratic equations (set factors = 0)
  • Simplifying rational expressions
  • Physics: Projectile motion
  • Engineering: Structural analysis

FAQs

Can I factor higher-degree polynomials? Yes — use grouping or synthetic division.

What if it doesn't factor nicely? May have irrational or complex roots.

Does it work with fractions? Yes — enter as 1/2x^2.

Conclusion

Mastering factorization unlocks solving equations, graphing, and advanced math. Our 2025 Factorization Calculator delivers accurate, step-by-step results for any polynomial. From homework to real-world modeling, factor with confidence. Enter your polynomial now!

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