Complete Guide to Hydraulic Jump
The Hydraulic Jump Calculator determines sequent depths, energy loss, and jump efficiency in open channels. Essential for stilling basins and spillways. Pair with Channel Flow and Hydraulic Gradient tools.
Jump Formation
Occurs when supercritical flow (Fr > 1) transitions to subcritical (Fr < 1).
Sequent Depth (Rectangular)
\[ y_2 = \frac{y_1}{2} \left( -1 + \sqrt{1 + 8 Fr_1^2} \right) \]
Fr₁ = v₁ / √(g y₁)
Energy Loss
\[ \Delta E = \frac{(y_2 - y_1)^3}{4 y_1 y_2} \]
Jump Length
L_j ≈ 6 (y₂ - y₁) for strong jumps
Step-by-Step
- Compute v₁ = Q / A₁
- Fr₁ = v₁ / √(g y₁)
- Solve for y₂
- ΔE, L_j, efficiency
Example: Rectangular
Q=10 m³/s, y₁=0.5 m, b=5 m:
- Fr₁ = 5.68
- y₂ = 3.15 m
- ΔE = 2.1 m
- L_j ≈ 15.9 m
Jump Types
| Fr₁ | Type |
|---|---|
| 1–1.7 | Undular |
| 1.7–4.5 | Weak |
| 4.5–9 | Oscillating |
| >9 | Strong |
Best Practices
- Use baffles for weak jumps
- Ensure tailwater control
- Check air entrainment
Common Mistakes
- Ignoring non-rectangular sections
- Wrong Fr calculation
- Forgetting energy loss
Advanced Topics
- Submerged jumps
- USBR stilling basins
- CFD modeling
Conclusion
Accurate hydraulic jump design prevents erosion and ensures energy dissipation. Our calculator delivers instant, code-compliant results for safe channel transitions!
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